The ongoing conflict in Ukraine has driven the development of fiber-optic drones, which are resistant to electronic warfare jamming. These drones use fiber-optic cables to maintain control links, allowing them to operate effectively in environments where radio-frequency signals are disrupted.
Global demand for optical fiber is surging due to the expansion of AI data centers. TrendForce projects a worldwide shortfall of 111 million miles of fiber-optic cable in 2026. This high demand has significantly increased costs, with prices for fiber-optic materials rising six to ten times between 2025 and 2026.
China remains the primary supplier of fiber-optic materials for both Russia and Ukraine. Customs data indicates that Russia imported 328,000 miles of cable from China in August 2025, while Ukraine received 72 miles. In 2025, Russia purchased over 37 million miles of fiber, accounting for more than 10 percent of global demand.
Ukrainian manufacturers are adapting to supply chain constraints by bringing the spooling process in-house. By purchasing bulk fiber and producing smaller drone-ready spools domestically, companies can implement better quality control and reduce reliance on finished imports, which often suffer from defects.
Production challenges include complex logistics, customs delays, and the need for specialized personnel. Manufacturers must balance production planning with material availability, as defects in the fiber can lead to mission failure. Security concerns also necessitate strict operational measures for developers and suppliers.
