A recent report by BeInCrypto Intelligence analyzed 6.4 million x402 payments processed on the Base and Solana networks over a 35-day period. The total volume of these transactions amounted to $119,947, with over 90% of individual payments valued at less than one cent.
Security remains a primary concern for institutional adoption. In May 2026, an AI-linked wallet transferred $175,000 following instructions from an untrusted source, though approximately 80% of the funds were recovered. Researchers noted two separate incidents where a total of $281,200 was sent to attacker-controlled wallets.
Experts highlight that current security measures, such as spending limits, are insufficient against manipulated inputs. Markus Levin of XYO noted that malicious data can propagate rapidly across thousands of agents, while Benedikt Bünz of Espresso Systems pointed out risks associated with transaction finality times on networks like Ethereum.
The report evaluated 19 products, finding that 14 maintained operations within human-defined limits. In a readiness assessment, micropayments scored 60.7 out of 100, whereas institutional automation received a score of 12.0 due to limited real-world performance data and unresolved liability protocols.
