The International Energy Agency (IEA) released a report on global electrification trends, highlighting that the energy trilemma—balancing cost, security, and environmental impact—is becoming more aligned. Fatih Birol, head of the IEA, noted that global final energy consumption from electricity grew from 16.7 percent in 2000 to 23.4 percent in 2025.
Data from the 2025 IEA report shows that $100 of gasoline powers an internal-combustion vehicle for 862 miles, while $100 of electricity covers 2,310 miles for an electric vehicle. Similarly, a heat pump provides 42 days of heating for the same cost that buys 30 days of fuel for a gas boiler.
Despite these trends, experts point to significant obstacles. Researchers highlight that heavy transport, maritime shipping, and aviation face challenges in rapid electrification. Additionally, trade barriers and the desire to localize production of goods like solar panels may hinder the transition.
Political factors and the influence of fossil fuel industries remain major hurdles, as some decision-makers prioritize existing industry profits over cleaner alternatives. Furthermore, high upfront infrastructure costs make electrification difficult for developing economies without international financial support.
The IEA has set a target to reach 35 percent electrification of final energy by 2035. This goal, discussed by climate policymakers in Bonn, Germany, is expected to be on the agenda at the upcoming COP31 conference in Antalya, Turkey, in November.
